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CBSE 2026

Informatics Practices Notes

These Class 12 Informatics Practices notes are prepared strictly according to the CBSE 2026 syllabus. The notes cover all important chapters including Python Pandas, Plotting with PyPlot, Importing/Exporting Data (CSV/MySQL), Computer Networks, and Societal Impacts. Each chapter is explained in a simple, exam-oriented manner with examples and key points. These notes are useful for revision, self-study, and last-minute preparation.

Class 12 CS Class 12 IP Class 11 CS Class 11 IP
Unit 1 : Chapter 1

📘 Data Handling Using Pandas – I

This chapter introduces Pandas, one of Python’s most powerful data-handling libraries. Students learn how to create and work with Series (1-D data) and DataFrames (2-D tables), access and modify data, perform filtering, sorting, arithmetic operations, and understand essential attributes and methods used in real-world data analysis.

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Unit 1 : Chapter 2

📊 Data Handling Using Pandas – II

This chapter focuses on advanced data manipulation and analysis techniques using the Pandas library in Python. Moving beyond basic DataFrame creation, it equips students with the tools to process, clean, and summarize real-world datasets effectively.

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Unit 1 : Chapter 3

📊 Plotting with PyPlot

This chapter explores the art of Data Visualization using Python's most popular library, Matplotlib. It serves as a practical guide to the Pyplot interface, teaching you how to transform raw, complex data into clear visual insights.

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Unit 1 : Chapter 4

📘 Importing/Exporting Data (CSV & MySQL)

This chapter focuses on Data Persistence — moving data out of Python memory and into permanent storage files (CSV) or databases (MySQL) and vice-versa.

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Unit 2 : Chapter 5

🖥️ MySQL SQL Revision Tour

This chapter serves as a comprehensive refresher designed to solidify the database concepts originally introduced in Class 11. It acts as a bridge, ensuring students have a strong command of the fundamentals before moving on to advanced topics like Table Joins and Python-MySQL connectivity.

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Unit 2 : Chapter 6

📚 MySQL Functions

Learn how MySQL functions help process text, numbers, and dates using single-row SQL operations for effective data handling.

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Unit 2 : Chapter 7

🧩 Querying Using SQL

This chapter covers how to organize and analyze data effectively. It teaches you to sort records (ORDER BY), perform calculations like totals and averages (Aggregate Functions), and categorize data into groups (GROUP BY) to generate meaningful reports from raw tables.

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Unit 2 : Chapter 8

🔗 JOINS AND SET OPERATIONS (SQL)

This chapter introduces how to retrieve meaningful data from multiple tables using SQL JOINs and how to combine query results using SET operations. Students learn different types of joins like Cartesian, Equi, Natural, and Non-Equi joins, along with UNION, MINUS, and INTERSECT, using clear examples and outputs as per CBSE Informatics Practices Class 12 syllabus.

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