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🖧 Computer Networks-II Quiz
🖧 Computer Networks-II
What does the term 'Modem' stand for?
Modulator Demodulator
Modern Electronic Machine
Mobile Data Encoder
Multi-channel Oscillator Demodulator
Modem is short for MOdulator-DEModulator, which converts digital signals to analog and vice-versa.
Why is a modem required when connecting a computer to the internet over traditional telephone lines?
To speed up the computer's CPU
To convert digital computer signals to analog telephone signals, and vice-versa
To encrypt all web traffic automatically
To assign a MAC address to the computer
Computers use digital signals (binary), while phone lines carry analog waves. The modem modulates digital to analog, and demodulates analog back to digital.
Which type of modem converts optical (light) signals into digital signals in modern FTTH (Fiber-to-the-Home) networks?
DSL Modem
Cable Modem
Optical Network Terminal (ONT)
Dial-Up Modem
An Optical Network Terminal (ONT), or fiber modem, connects fiber optic cables to your home and converts light pulses to digital data.
How many metal pins are present inside an RJ-45 connector used for Ethernet cables?
4
6
8
10
An RJ-45 connector has 8 metal pins connecting to the 8 copper wires (4 twisted pairs) in an Ethernet cable.
Which standard connector plug is used to connect traditional telephone landlines (not Ethernet)?
RJ-45
BNC
RJ-11
USB-C
RJ-11 is a smaller connector with 4 pins, used for telephone cables. RJ-45 is wider with 8 pins, used for Ethernet.
What is the primary purpose of a Network Interface Card (NIC)?
To store files downloaded from the internet
To physically connect a computer to a network and enable data transmission
To translate domain names to IP addresses
To serve as a firewall against hackers
An NIC provides the physical connection and interface between a computer and a network medium.
What unique address is permanently burned into a Network Interface Card (NIC) at the time of manufacture?
IP Address
MAC Address
Port Address
URL Link
The MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique 48-bit physical hardware address burned into the NIC.
Why is a Hub considered a 'dumb' or unintelligent network device?
It cannot amplify electrical signals
It broadcasts received data frames to ALL other ports, regardless of the destination
It requires manual configuration of routing tables
It cannot run on electricity
A hub has no intelligence; it simply regenerates electrical signals and floods (broadcasts) them to all ports.
What is a 'Collision Domain' in the context of network hubs?
A geographical region where network cables crash
A network segment where multiple devices share the same medium and data packets can collide
A secure firewall zone
The storage memory inside a switch
A collision domain is an area where data transmissions can collide if sent simultaneously. All ports on a hub share a single collision domain.
How does a Switch differ from a Hub when forwarding data frames?
A Switch broadcasts to all ports; a Hub sends only to the target port
A Switch reads MAC addresses and sends data only to the destination device's port
A Switch uses IP routing tables while a Hub does not
A Switch is slower than a Hub
Unlike a hub, a switch learns MAC addresses, records them in a MAC address table, and forwards frames directly (unicast) to the correct port.
Which table does a Switch construct in its memory to determine the correct port for forwarding frames?
Routing Table
MAC Address Table
DNS Cache Table
ARP Cache Table
A switch maintains a MAC Address Table mapping MAC addresses to physical ports.
Which of the following is an advantage of a Switch over a Hub?
It divides the network into separate collision domains for each port
It shares total bandwidth among all connected devices
It runs without a power source
It acts as a default gateway
By giving each port a separate collision domain, a switch eliminates collisions and provides dedicated bandwidth.
What is the primary function of a Repeater?
To route packets between different networks
To receive a weakened signal, regenerate/amplify it, and retransmit it
To block malicious packets
To translate domain names
A repeater fights signal attenuation by receiving a degraded signal and regenerating it to its original strength.
In Ethernet networks using UTP copper cabling, after what maximum distance is a Repeater required to prevent attenuation?
10 meters
50 meters
100 meters
500 meters
Twisted-pair copper Ethernet cables have a maximum segment length of 100 meters before signal attenuation requires a repeater/switch.
How does a Bridge manage traffic between two LAN segments?
It broadcasts all traffic to both segments indiscriminately
It filters local traffic and only forwards frames meant for devices on the opposite segment
It translates SNA protocols to TCP/IP
It dynamically assigns IP addresses
A bridge reads MAC addresses and decides whether to forward frames across segments or keep them on the local segment.
A Switch is essentially a multi-port version of which network device?
Repeater
Modem
Bridge
Router
A switch behaves like a multi-port bridge, providing separate MAC-based filtering and collision domains for each port.
At which layer of the OSI model does a Router operate, and what addressing does it read?
Layer 1 (Physical) — Reads voltage levels
Layer 2 (Data Link) — Reads MAC addresses
Layer 3 (Network) — Reads IP addresses
Layer 4 (Transport) — Reads Port numbers
Routers operate at the Network Layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model and route packets based on logical IP addresses.
Which of the following is a primary responsibility of a Router?
To connect different networks and determine the best path for packet routing
To convert analog voice to digital signals
To connect PCs inside the same local office LAN
To terminate coaxial signals
Routers forward packets between distinct networks (like a LAN and a WAN/Internet) and compute optimal paths using routing tables.
What is the function of a 'Routing Table' inside a router?
To store passwords of local users
To maintain a list of known networks, interfaces, and optimal hops
To cache HTML pages
To count the number of data collisions
A routing table holds maps of network paths so the router knows where to forward packets next.
Which device is required to translate protocols, architectures, and data formats between two completely different networks?
Router
Gateway
Switch
Bridge
A gateway connects completely different networks by translating protocols across all layers of the OSI model.
Why is a Gateway slower and more expensive than a Router or a Switch?
It uses slow copper lines
It performs complex protocol conversion across multiple layers, requiring heavy processing
It lacks memory
It operates only at the Physical Layer
Gateways translate entirely different protocol architectures, which requires parsing and rebuilding packets at higher layers.
Which IEEE standard defines the wireless networking protocols commonly known as WiFi?
IEEE 802.3
IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.15
IEEE 802.16
IEEE 802.11 defines wireless local area networks (WLAN/WiFi). 802.3 is for wired Ethernet.
Compare the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz wireless frequency bands of a WiFi Card. Which statement is correct?
5 GHz has a longer range and penetrates walls better
2.4 GHz has a longer range but is slower; 5 GHz is faster but has a shorter range
2.4 GHz is faster than 5 GHz
Both bands have the exact same range and speed
2.4 GHz waves travel further and penetrate walls better, but are slower. 5 GHz waves carry more data (faster) but attenuate quicker over distance.
Which network protocol operates on the Client-Server model to fetch web pages from web servers to a browser?
FTP
SMTP
HTTP
Telnet
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the request-response protocol used to load web pages.
What is the default TCP port number used by secure HTTPS connections?
80
21
25
443
HTTPS (Secure HTTP) uses TCP port 443. Plain HTTP uses port 80.
What does the 'S' stand for in HTTPS, and how does it secure web traffic?
Speed — by compressing HTML files
Secure — by encrypting HTTP data using SSL/TLS
Standard — by conforming to global rules
Source — by tracking visitor locations
HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. It encrypts HTTP data using SSL/TLS.
In HTTP status codes, what does '404 Not Found' mean?
The request succeeded
The web server crashed
The requested page/resource does not exist on the server
The connection was secure
Status code 404 is returned by a web server when the client's requested URL does not exist.
Which protocol is designed specifically for downloading or uploading large files between a client and a server?
HTTP
FTP
SMTP
IMAP
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is optimized for reliable file transfers.
Why does FTP use two separate channels (ports 20 and 21)?
One for upload and one for download
Port 21 for control commands (login, list) and Port 20 for actual file data transmission
One for encryption keys and one for plaintext
To double the transmission speed
FTP separates control traffic (commands/responses on port 21) from data traffic (file transfers on port 20).
In the TCP/IP protocol suite, what is the primary role of the Internet Protocol (IP)?
To guarantee error-free delivery of packets
To provide routing and logical addressing (IP addresses) for packets
To translate domain names to IP addresses
To establish a 3-way handshake session
IP handles the addressing and routing of packets across networks. Reliable delivery is handled by TCP.
Which protocol is connection-oriented, guarantees packet delivery, and puts packets back in the correct order?
UDP
IP
TCP
ICMP
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a reliable, connection-oriented transport layer protocol.
Why would online multiplayer games or live video streams prefer UDP over TCP?
UDP is more secure
UDP is faster because it does not have the overhead of acknowledgments and retransmissions
UDP guarantees packets arrive in order
UDP only works with fiber optic lines
UDP is connectionless and fast. In real-time video/games, dropping a frame is better than delaying the stream for retransmission.
What are the four layers of the TCP/IP model, from top to bottom?
Application, Transport, Internet, Network Access
Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport
Presentation, Session, Network, Application
Application, Session, Network, Physical
The four layers are Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Access.
How does the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) improve upon the older Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)?
PPP only works on analog dial-up
PPP supports error checking, username/password authentication, and data compression
PPP does not support TCP/IP
PPP is a hardware connector standard
PPP replaced SLIP by introducing error detection, connection negotiation, authentication (PAP/CHAP), and compression.
Which email protocol is used specifically for SENDING emails from a client to a server, or server to server?
POP3
IMAP
SMTP
HTTP
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used to push/send emails. POP3/IMAP are pull protocols.
Differentiate between POP3 and IMAP email retrieval protocols.
SMTP sends emails; POP3 and IMAP do the same
POP3 downloads and deletes email from the server; IMAP keeps it on the server, syncing it across devices
IMAP is port 110; POP3 is port 143
POP3 is secure; IMAP is insecure
POP3 moves emails to one device, deleting them from the mail server. IMAP syncs mail and folders, keeping everything on the server.
What is the default TCP port number used by SMTP?
21
25
110
143
SMTP conventionally uses port 25 (or secure port 587). POP3 is 110, IMAP is 143, and FTP is 21.
How does Voice over IP (VoIP) transmit voice calls over the Internet?
By keeping a physical copper line reserved for the call duration
By converting analog voice signals into digital packets and sending them via packet switching
By broadcasting voice waves over local AM radio frequencies
By using the SMTP email protocol
VoIP digitizes analog voice into data packets and routes them over IP networks.
What is the main security risk of using the Telnet protocol for remote logins?
It only supports command line interfaces
It sends all data, including usernames and passwords, in unencrypted plaintext
It consumes high bandwidth
It only works on local networks
Telnet is unencrypted; anyone sniffing the packets can read passwords. SSH is the secure encrypted alternative.
Which protocol is the secure, encrypted replacement for Telnet, operating on TCP port 22?
HTTP
SSL
SSH
SFTP
SSH (Secure Shell) encrypts command line sessions on port 22.
Who invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1991?
Vint Cerf
Tim Berners-Lee
Bill Gates
Harald Bluetooth
Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML, HTTP, and the World Wide Web at CERN in 1989-1991.
Differentiate between the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW).
They are identical terms
The Internet is the physical network infrastructure; the WWW is an information service of websites running on it
The WWW is the physical cables; the Internet is the websites
The Internet uses HTTP; the WWW uses TCP/IP
The Internet is the global highway of networks. The WWW is a collection of pages/information accessed over the Internet.
In the URL 'https://www.csip12.in/notes/index.html', what is the protocol scheme and the Top-Level Domain (TLD) respectively?
https and index.html
https and .in
www and csip12
notes and .in
The scheme is https. The TLD is .in (identifying India).
What is the purpose of the Domain Name System (DNS)?
To host website files on servers
To translate human-readable domain names to numeric IP addresses
To filter spam emails
To encrypt credit card transactions
DNS maps domain names (e.g., google.com) to their destination IP addresses.
Which web hosting service provides an entire physical server dedicated to a single website without sharing resources with anyone else?
Shared Hosting
Dedicated Hosting
VPS Hosting
Cloud Hosting
Dedicated hosting rents an entire physical machine to one client, providing maximum control and performance.
How do Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0 differ in user interaction?
Web 1.0 is read-only; Web 2.0 is interactive (read-write); Web 3.0 is semantic/decentralised (read-write-own)
Web 2.0 is slower than Web 1.0
Web 3.0 is controlled by a single company
There is no difference between them
Web 1.0 was static read-only. Web 2.0 introduced user-generated content and social networks. Web 3.0 introduces semantic understanding, AI integration, and blockchain decentralization.
Which of the following is a classic example of a Web 2.0 application?
A static HTML brochure
Wikipedia (user-edited collaborative encyclopedia)
A local text file
An offline program
Wikipedia is a classic Web 2.0 site because content is collaboratively created and edited by users.
What is a 'Firewall' in network security?
A software or hardware system that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing traffic based on security rules
A physical wall built to protect server rooms from fire
A protocol used to download emails
A hardware port standard for connecting printers
A firewall acts as a barrier, filtering network traffic to block unauthorized access and cyber threats.
Which of the following HTTP status codes indicates a successful client request?
404 Not Found
500 Internal Server Error
200 OK
403 Forbidden
Status code 200 OK signals that the server successfully processed the request and sent the requested data.
What does the term 'Domain Name' represent?
The physical location of a server room
A human-readable text alias representing a numeric IP address on the network
A specific HTML formatting tag
The operating system of the web host
A domain name is a user-friendly name (like csip12.in) that maps to a server's IP address.
If you need to access your emails from multiple devices (phone, laptop, tablet) and want your read/unread status and folders synced, which protocol should you use?
POP3
SMTP
IMAP
FTP
IMAP leaves messages on the server and synchronizes folders and state changes dynamically across all connected devices.